Genotoxic damage assessment using the micronucleus assay in buccal mucosa of different types of smokers: A cross-sectional study

doi:10.5493/wjem.v15.i3.108025

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Sep 20, 2025 (publication date) through Aug 25, 2025

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World Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Exp Med. Sep 20, 2025; 15(3): 108025
Published online Sep 20, 2025. doi: 10.5493/wjem.v15.i3.108025

Table 4 Comparison of median micronucleus frequency by smoker type, Z value (P value)

Smoker type	Control	MS	CS	RS	ES
Control		-1.02 (0.15)	-4.27 (0.00)^a	-5.24 (0.00)^a	-2.95 (0.00)^a
MS	-1.02 (0.15)		-3.25 (0.00)^a	-4.21 (0.00)^a	-1.92 (0.02)^a
CS	-4.27 (0.00)^a	-3.25 (0.00)^a		-0.96 (0.16)	1.27 (0.20)
RS	-5.24 (0.00)^a	-4.21 (0.00)^a	-0.96 (0.16)		2.28 (0.01)^a
ES	-2.95 (0.00)^a	-1.92 (0.02)^a	1.27 (0.20)	2.28 (0.01)^a

^aP < 0.05, statistically significant value. Dunn's test with Bonferroni adjustment.

CS: Conventional smokers; MS: Marijuana smokers; ES: Electronic cigarette smokers; RS: Reverse smokers.

Citation: Álvarez-Martínez E, Porto-Puerta IE, Ardila CM. Genotoxic damage assessment using the micronucleus assay in buccal mucosa of different types of smokers: A cross-sectional study. World J Exp Med 2025; 15(3): 108025
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-315X/full/v15/i3/108025.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5493/wjem.v15.i3.108025