Observational Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Exp Med. Sep 20, 2025; 15(3): 107323
Published online Sep 20, 2025. doi: 10.5493/wjem.v15.i3.107323
Table 1 Characteristics of patients included in the study, n (%)
Patient characteristics
Group 1 (bone marrow aspirate concentrate)
Group 2 (pharmacotherapy)
Group 3 (lifestyle modifications)
P value
Age (years)42.2 ± 3.340 ± 4.139 ± 4.90.543
Sperm count4.75 ± 6.87.18 ± 5.311.85 ± 4.70.064
Sperm motility grade
Slow progressive motility01 (10)2 (20)0.043
Non-progressive motility3 (30)8 (80)5 (50)
Immotile4 (40)1 (10)3 (30)
Azoospermia4 (40)00