Therapeutic potential of adipose tissue in aesthetic medicine

Table 2 Adipose tissue derived stem cells treatment in different types of hyperpigmentation

Type of hyperpigmentation	Cause	Effect	Treatment
Melasma	Hormonal changes, genetic disposition, skin irritation	Melanocyte Hyperactivation	ADSC enriched nanofat have shown some improvement but due to involvement of hormonal and genetic factor its efficacy is still questionable
Solar Lentigines	Prolonged sun exposure, UV rays	Overproduction of ROS, influencing tyrosinase enzyme leading to melanin overproduction	ADSCs downregulate tyrosinase enzyme, gives lighter tone to the skin
Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation	Skin injury, acne, burn, exposure to heavy metal	Damaged dermis layer causes appearance of dark patches due to disruption of melanocytes	Adipose tissue derived exosome gel in combination with CO2 laser improve skin texture

ADSC: Adipose-derived stem cells; UV: Ultraviolet; ROS: Reactive oxygen species.