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©The Author(s) 2026.
World J Immunol. Jan 8, 2026; 16(1): 111511
Published online Jan 8, 2026. doi: 10.5411/wji.v16.i1.111511
Figure 9
Figure 9 Diagrammatic representation of the protective effects of zingerone against hyperglycaemia and cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. AGEs: Advanced glycation end products; NF-κB: Nuclear factor kappa B; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor alpha; COX-2: Cyclooxygenase-2; iNOS: Inducible nitric oxide synthase; IL: Interleukins; PKC: Protein kinase C; NADPH: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; TGF-β: Transforming growth factor-beta.


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