Laparoendoscopic single site, laparoscopic or open surgery for adrenal tumors: Selecting the optimal approach

Table 2 Outcomes from select studies comparing minimally-invasive adrenalectomy to open surgical adrenalectomy

Ref.	N	Mean tumor size (cm)	ACC or MET (%)1	OT (min)	EBL (mL)	LOS (d)	Conversion (%)	Complications (%)
Assalia et al[116]	581 MI-A	2.8	0.9	184	154	2.9	-	10.9
	753 OS-A	4.1	5.8	162	309	7.2	-	35.8
Lee et al[59]	358 MI-A	-	13.6	174	-	4.1	-	3.6
	311 OS-A	-	44.5	234	-	9.4	-	17.4
Eichhorn-Wharry et al[119]	1980 MI-A	-	4.1	146	-	2.8	-	1.8
	592 OS-A	-	18.4	186	-	6.7	-	7.6
Lombardi et al[120]	30 MI-A	7.7	100	135	-	5.3	0	3.4
	126 OS-A	9	100	129	-	9.3	-	5.6
Mir et al[121]	18 MI-A	7	100	298	1500	4	24	5.0
	26 OS-A	13	100	273	1100	6	-	20.0
Donatini et al[79]	13 MI-A	5.5	100	-	-	7	0	8.0
	21 OS-A	6.8	100	-	-	9	-	14.0
Bittner et al[122]	356 MI-A	3.2	5.9	159	-	2.5	6.2	11.0
	46 OS-A	8.5	28.2	197	-	9.1	-	50.0

¹Preoperative indication of ACC or isolated adrenal metastasis. ACC: Adrenocortical carcinoma; MET: Metastasis to adrenal gland; OT: Operative time; EBL: Estimated blood loss; LOS: Length of hospital stay; OS-A: Open surgical adrenalectomy; MI-A: Minimally-invasive adrenalectomy.