Symptom scores and clinical measures in benign prostatic hyperplasia

doi:10.5410/wjcu.123397

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World Journal of Clinical Urology

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2219-2816

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Meta-Analysis

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Clin Urol. Sep 16, 2026; 15(2): 123397
Published online Sep 16, 2026. doi: 10.5410/wjcu.123397

Table 3 Heterogeneity statistics for all three random-effects meta-analyses¹

Outcome pair	τ² (SE)	τ	I² (%)	H²	Cochran’s Q	df	Q P value
IPSS-quality of life	0.003 (0.064)	0.055	3.26	1.034	4.578	4	0.333
Prostate volume-IPSS	0.062 (0.069)	0.248	38.37	1.623	17.196	11	0.102
IPSS-post-void residual	0.075 (0.067)	0.274	51.18	2.048	20.558	10	0.024

¹I² classification: < 25% low; 25%-50% moderate; 50%-75% substantial; > 75% considerable. Q P < 0.10 indicates significant heterogeneity; Q has limited power with small k.

τ²: Between-study variance estimated by Restricted Maximum Likelihood; τ: √τ² (standard deviation of true effects); I²: Proportion of total variability attributable to between-study heterogeneity; H²: Ratio of total variability to expected sampling variability; Cochran’s Q: χ² heterogeneity test; df: k-1; IPSS: International Prostate Symptom Score; SE: Standard error.

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Citation: Kakooza J, Hakizimana T, Mugenyi M, Akankwasa P, Lewis CR, Mukiibi E, Ssebamala J, Elias SD, Eltahir EA, Okwi N, Mumbere BV. Symptom scores and clinical measures in benign prostatic hyperplasia. World J Clin Urol 2026; 15(2): 123397
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2219-2816/full/v15/i2/123397.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5410/wjcu.123397

Kakooza J, Hakizimana T, Mugenyi M, Akankwasa P, Lewis CR, Mukiibi E, Ssebamala J, Elias SD, Eltahir EA, Okwi N, Mumbere BV. Symptom scores and clinical measures in benign prostatic hyperplasia. World J Clin Urol 2026; 15(2): 123397 [DOI: 10.5410/wjcu.123397]

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