Double incontinence among women globally: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 4 Sensitivity analysis results

Analysis type	Studies (n)	Pooled prevalence (%)	95%CI	I² (%)	Tau²
Random-effects (primary)	10	8.66	7.14-10.63	32.7	0.0374
Fixed-effects	10	7.23	7.04-7.43	32.7	N/A
Excluding Matthews et al[12], 2013	9	9.08	7.21-11.42	35.4	0.0428
Excluding Ribeiro et al[5], 2019	9	8.52	7.02-10.35	30.1	0.0351
Excluding Yuaso et al[7], 2018	9	8.92	7.32-10.87	33.8	0.0395
Excluding Gallas et al[1], 2018	9	8.84	7.26-10.75	33.5	0.0388
Excluding Güngör Uğurlucan et al[3], 2014	9	8.47	6.93-10.33	29.8	0.0345
Excluding Wu et al[8], 2015	9	8.95	7.34-10.90	34.2	0.0398
Excluding Johannessen et al[2], 2018	9	8.71	7.13-10.63	34.0	0.0385
	9	8.31	6.81-10.14	27.5	0.0318
Excluding Luo et al[4], 2020	9	8.54	7.00-10.40	31.8	0.0365
Excluding Slieker-ten Hove et al[13], 2010	9	8.48	6.93-10.35	30.5	0.0352
Range (leave-one-out)	-	8.31-9.25	-	27.5-35.4	0.0318-0.0428

All leave-one-out estimates overlap with the primary 95% confidence interval, confirming robustness. CI: Confidence interval; N/A: Not applicable.