Exostoses of the external auditory canal

Table 1 Different approaches and surgical techniques

Ref.	Year	Endaural (operations)	Postauricular (operations)	Transcanal (operations)	Drilling (operations)	Osteotomes, chisels1
Altuna Mariezkurrena et al[33]	2004		× (52)		×
DiBartolomeo et al[30]	1979			× (21)	× (21)
Bordure et al[37]	1994	×	×		× (64)
Frese et al[38]	1999	× (56)	× (3)		× (59)
Hempel et al[31]	2012	× (33)	× (2)		NA
Hetzler[19]	2007			× (221)	× (42)2	× (179)
Hurst et al[39]	2001	× (58)	× (6)		×
King et al[29]	2010		× (80)		× (71)3	× (4)
Oostvogel et al[40]	1992	×	×		×
Portmann et al[41]	1991		× (25)		× (25)
Sanna et al[32]	2004		× (65)		× (65)
Stougaard et al[35]	1999	× (7)	× (1)	× (16)	× (24)
Timofeev et al[27]	2004	NA	NA	NA	× (46)
Whitaker et al[18]	1998			× (27)		× (27)

¹Hetzler[19] used osteotomes whereas King et al[29] and Whitaker et al[18] employed chisels;

²Both osteotomes and drilling burrs were used in these 42 patients;

³Hand-held surgical drill and chisel were used in 61 patients whereas drill only was employed in 10 patients. NA: Not applicable.