Surface electromyography for diagnosing dysphagia in patients with cerebral palsy

Table 6 Summary of studies of non-invasive screening methods for oropharyngeal dysphagia

Ref.	Test	No. of participants	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)	PPV (%)	NPV (%)
DePippo et al[24]	Burke Dysphagia Screening Test	44	76	59	-	-
Gottlieb et al[25]	50 mL Drinking Test	180	80	86	-	-
Ellul et al[26]	Standardized Swallowing Assessment	136	68	86	50	88
Smithard et al[27]	Bedside Swallowing Assessment	83	70	66	50	85
Hinds et al[28]	Timed Test	115	73	67	-	-
Mari et al[29]	3oz Water Swallow Test	93	74	74	71	77
Smith et al[30]	Pulse Oximetry	53	86	-	69
Martino et al[31]	Toronto Bedside Swallowing Screening Test	115	82	39	24	90
Kopey et al[32]	3-Sp Test	223	21	99	88	72
Antonios et al[33]	Modified Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability	150	93	86	79	95

PPV: Positive predictive value; NPV: Negative predictive value.