State of the art management of diabetic macular edema

Table 5 Summary of the studies using intravitreal steroid for treatment of diabetic macular edema

Agent	Number of patients	Total dose (daily release	Duration	Main outcomes
IVTA[86]	693	4 mg TA (Trivaris and triesence) (unknown)	Approximately 3 mo	Less favorable results vs photocoagulation at 24 and 36 mo
Fluocinolone acetonide implant (ILUVIEN)[90]	956	180 μg (0.5 μg or 0.2 μg/d)	Up to 3 yr	Generally favorable outcomes at 36 mo
Fluocinolone acetonide implant (retisert)[91]	197	500 μg FA (0.59 μg/d)	2.5 yr	Effective DME therapy at 36 mo, however high risks of cataract and glaucoma
Dexamethasone drug delivery system (ozurdex)[92]	171	750 μg dexamethasone (estimated approximately 6.25 μg/d)	Approximately 4 mo	Generally favorable outcomes at 90 d

DME: Diabetic macular edema; IV: Intravitreal; IVTA: Intravitreal triamcinolone; TA: Triamcinolone; FA: Fluocinolone acetonide.