Molecular pathogenesis of glioblastoma multiforme: Nuances, obstacles, and implications for treatment

Table 3 Hallmark genetic mutations, primary glioblastoma multiforme vs secondary glioblastoma multiforme

Primary GBM	Secondary GBM
EGFR overexpression/amplification	PDGFR overexpression
Loss of heterozygosity of Ch. 10q	Loss of heterozygosity of Ch. 10q
PTEN deletion on Ch. 10	p53 mutations
p16 deletion	p16/Rb pathway aberrancies

GBM: Glioblastoma multiforme; EGFR: Epidermal growth factor receptor; PDGFR: Platelet-derived growth factor receptor; PTEN: Phosphatase and tensin homolog.