Pelvic radiation disease: Updates on treatment options

Table 2 Endoscopic approaches for treating pelvic radiation disease

Endoscopic approaches	Rectal bleeding	Notes
Argon plasma coagulation	Y	Treatment of choice when clinically significant rectal bleeding occurs
Formalin	Y	Alternative to APC, but more prone to complications and requires more skilled endoscopist
Radio frequency ablation	N	No RCT available; possibly effective but more expensive than other treatments
Cryoablation	N	No RCT available; risk of cecal perforation
Rectal band ligation	N	Anecdotic case report

Y: Evidence supports treatment; N: Evidence does not support treatment; RCT: Randomized controlled trial; APC: Argon plasma coagulation.