Helicobacter pylori and microRNAs: Relation with innate immunity and progression of preneoplastic conditions

Table 3 Potential tumor suppressor microRNAs

MicroRNA	H. pylori	GC	Targets	Consequences/associations
miR-185	↓		DNMT1 and EZH2	DNA methylation; proliferation; EMT; LNM; poor prognosis
miR-204	↓		SIRT1	EMT; invasion
miR-106b	↓			Proliferation (TGF-Β induced cell cycle arrest suppression)
miR-320	↓	↓	Mcl-1	Apoptosis inhibition; progression of prenoplastic conditions
				Relapse of tumors; chemoterapeutic resistance
miR-101,	↓	↓	Mcl-1	Apoptosis inhibition
miR-515-5p			SOC2; DNMT1	Let-7 attenuation
miR-490-3p	↓	↓	Cyclin B1	EMT; proliferation; colony formation; migration; invasion
			SMARCD1	Metastasis and poorer survival
				Decreased through the spectrum of gastric carcinogenesis
miR-370	↓	↓	FoxM1	↓p27 expression; cell cycle progression and proliferation
				Decreased through the spectrum of gastric carcinogenesis
miR-328	↓		CD44v9	Survival and proliferation of metaplastic cells
Let-7	↓	↓	Ras	Cell proliferation and colony formation
			c-myc
			HMGA2	Migration and invasion
			Cthrc1
miR-200,	↓	↓	ZEB1/2	Epithelial differentiation; EMT suppression
miR-141,				Decreased E-cadherin, inhibition of migration and invasion
miR-429			Cyclin D1	Proliferation
			Bcl-2|XIAP	Apoptosis inhibition
				Tumor size, lymphatic invasion and LNM
miR-141	↓		FGFR2	Proliferation
miR-375	↓	↓	MDM2	p53 inactivation
			JAK2/STAT3	Neoplastic transformation; proliferation and migration
			3/3/2014	Inhibition of apoptosis
			PDK1	PI3K/Akt signaling pathway activation
miR-524-5p		↓	Jagged-1; Hes-1	Cell proliferation and invasion
miR-449	↓	↓	Cyclin E2|Met	Proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis
			Gemini|SIRT1
miR-203	↓	↓	CASK	Cell growth, colony formation and cell invasion
miR-29a		↓	p42.3; Mcl-1	Cell cycle progression and proliferation
miR-29c
miR-15b, 16, 34, 181b, 497		↓	Bcl-2	Apoptosis inhibition
miR-218	↓	↓	ECOP	Activation of NF-κB and increased COX-2; apoptosis inhibition
			SLIT/ROBO1	Invasion and metastasis

H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; GC: Gastric cancer; DNMT1: DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1; EZH2: Enhancer of zeste homolog 2; EMT: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition; LNM: Lymph node metastasis; SIRT1: Sirtuin 1; TGF-Β: Transforming growth factor beta; Mcl1: Myeloid cell leukemia 1; SOC2: Suppressor of clear homolog; SMARCD1: SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily D member 1; FoxM1: Forkhead box protein M1; HMGA2: High-mobility group AT-hook 2; Cthrc1: Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1; ZEB1/2: Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1/2; XIAP: X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein; FGFR2: Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2; MDM2: Mouse double minute 2 homolog; JAK1: Janus kinase 1; STAT3: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; PDK1: Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1; Hes-1: Hairy and enhancer of split-1; CASK: Calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase; ECOP: EGFR-coamplified and overexpressed protein; NF-κB: Nuclear factor kappa B; COX-2: Cyclooxygenase-2.