Helicobacter pylori and microRNAs: Relation with innate immunity and progression of preneoplastic conditions

Table 2 Potential oncogenic microRNAs

MicroRNA	H. pylori	GC	Targets	Consequences/associations
miR-21	↑	↑	RECK	Decreased apoptosis; cell proliferation, invasion
			PTEN	MMP stimulation
			ABP	PI3K/Akt signaling pathway activation
miR-106a			RB1	E2F transcription; lymphatic and distant metastasis
miR-584	↑		Foxa1	EMT promotion; decreased E-cadherin
miR-1290			SMAD2	Cell differentiation and remodeling; IM development
miR-296-5p		↑	CDX1	Erk1/2 activation; growth promotion
miR-222	↑	↑	RECK	Proliferation
miR-223	↑	↑	EPB41L3	Migration and invasion
miR-106b-25 cluster		↑	p21CIP1/WAF1	Decreased response to TGF-Β
			Bim	Cell cycle progression; inhibition of apoptosis
			E2F1
miR-130b		↑	RUNX3|Bim	Proliferation (CDK2 activation) and invasion
miR-301a			RUNX3	Apoptosis inhibition
miR-181b	↑	↑	Timp3	Inhibition of apoptosis, cell proliferation, invasion and migration
miR-27a	↑	↑	FoxO1	Increased oxidative stress
			Prohibitin

H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; GC: Gastric cancer; RECK: Reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs; PTEN: Phosphatase and tensin homolog; ABP: Androgen-binding protein; MMP: Matrix metalloproteinase; PI3K: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase; E2F: E2F family; Foxa1: Forkhead box protein A1; SMAD2: Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2; EMT: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition; IM: Intestinal metaplasia; CDX1: Caudal type homeobox 1; Erk: Extracellular-signal-regulated kinases; EPB41L3: Erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1-like 3; p21: Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1; Bim: Bim gene (Bcl-2 family member); TGF-Β: Transforming growth factor beta; RUNX3: Runt-related transcription factor 3; Timp3: TIMP Metallopeptidase Inhibitor 3; FoxO1: Forkhead box protein O1.