Challenges to the early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer in developing countries

Table 4 Studies of access or quality of care barriers related to provider delay

Access or quality barriers	Studies
	Country	Year of publication	Sample size
Low socioeconomic status	England[47]	2005	19760
	Canada[48]	2007	696
Ethnic minorities	United States[31]	2000	1659
	United States[51]	2004	831
	United States[54]	2011	246957
Lack of health insurance	United States[54]	2011	246957
Patient’s old age	United States[54]	2011	246957
Patient’s young age	England[55]	1999	36222
	Italy[56]	2001	644
	Scotland[57]	2004	1069
	Scotland[58]	2004	5283
	England[47]	2005	19760
Travel time to hospital	Thailand[36]	2013	180
Distance from hospital	Thailand[36]	2013	180
Long waiting times to get medical appointments	Mexico[33]	2011	125
Consulting 3 or more different health services before arrival to a cancer center	Mexico[33]	2011	125
Type of first health service contacted	Thailand[35]	2000	94
Medical specialty of first provider consulted	Italy[56]	2001	644
Medical errors in initial diagnosis, screening interpretation or pathology review	United States[31]	2000	1659
	England[64]	2000	1004
	Thailand[35]	2000	94
	United States[65]	2002	454
	Scotland[58]	2004	5283
	Netherlands[119]	2004	153969
	Canada[48]	2007	696
	Mexico[33]	2011	125