Challenges to the early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer in developing countries

Table 2 Clinical stage of breast cancer patients by country-summary from the literature

	Year(s)	TNM staging system				SEER staging system
		I	II	III	IV	Localized	Regional	Distant
High-income Countries:
Australia[9]	2000-2007	-	-	-	-	55.9	38.1	6.0
Canada[9]	2000-2007	41.0	38.1	13.3	7.6	-	-	-
Denmark[9]	2000-2007	29.3	47.2	15.8	7.7	-	-	-
Germany (Saarland)[11]	1996-1998	-	-	-	-	52.0	44.0	4.0
Northern Ireland[91]	2006	30.4	43.6	19.6	6.4	-	-	-
Norway[9]	2000-2007	43.4	47.1	3.8	5.7	-	-	-
Saudi Arabia[92]	2004	-	-	-	-	27.8	56.2	16.0
Sweden[9]	2000-2007	45.2	46.5	5.3	3.0	-	-	-
United Kingdom[9]	2000-2007	40.0	45.4	9.2	5.4	-	-	-
United States[10]	2002-2008	-	-	-	-	62.3	32.6	5.1
Low and middle-income countries:
Brazil
Goias[93]	2002-2009	14.7	36.1	27.9	21.3	-	-	-
Porto Alegre[94]	1975-1997	16.0	54.0	19.0	11.0	-	-	-
Sao Paulo[94]	1979-1989	11.0	22.0	53.0	14.0	-	-	-
Colombia (Bogota)[95]	2006-2007	-	-	-	-	26.4	68.2	5.4
Egypt (South Cancer Inst.)[96]	2001-2008	11.0	39.0	25.0	25.0	-	-	-
Egypt (Gharbiah)[97]	1999-2008	-	-	-	-	25.2	60.3	14.5
India[98]
Mumbai	1995	7.8	57.4	28.4	5.9	-	-	-
Trivandrum	1996	4.4	42.3	40.5	12.8	-	-	-
Chennai		1.0	23.0	52.0	24.0	-	-	-
Iraq (Kurdistan)[99]	2006-2008	4.9	53.3	31.8	9.9	-	-	-
Jordan[100]	2009	29.0	30.0	23.0	10.0
Libya[22]	2008-2009	9.0	25.5	54.0	11.5	-	-	-
Malaysia (East Coast and Kuala Lumpur)[26]	2005-2007	5.2	38.7	44.8	11.3	-	-	-
Mexico
INCAN[101]-uninsured pop.	2007	10.2	36.4	40.9	12.5	-	-	-
IMSS[102]-insured pop.	2002	13.8	39.6	33.9	12.7	-	-	-
Nigeria (Lagos)[103]	2009-2010	5.5	15.4	62.7	16.4	-	-	-
Peru (Lima)[94]	1985-1997	9.0	42.0	33.0	16.0	-	-	-
South Africa[104]
Whites	1970-1997	30.8	38.0	18.8	11.9	-	-	-
Blacks		5.4	16.9	41.6	36.1	-	-	-
Thailand[36]	2009	12.0	38.0	41.0	9.0	-	-	-

Data are population-based, except for the following countries where data is hospital-based: Brazil, Colombia, Egypt, India, Iraq, Libya, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Peru, South Africa and Thailand. All percentages were corrected to exclude Non-Staged cancers.