Breast cancer-related lymphedema: Symptoms, diagnosis, risk reduction, and management

Table 1 Bivariate association between each symptom and lymphedema

Symptom	OR	95%CI	P-value
Arm swelling	561	76.04-71644.49	< 0.0001
Arm heaviness	17.46	8.22-39.25	< 0.0001
Arm firmness	10.33	5.04-22.16	< 0.0001
Increased arm temperature	9.07	2.98-29.94	0.000
Seroma formation	8.61	3.54-21.54	< 0.0001
Arm tightness	7.78	3.84-16.84	< 0.0001
Limited arm movement	5.86	2.94-11.93	< 0.0001
Tingling in affected arm	5.54	2.79-11.26	< 0.0001
Arm aching	5.14	2.60-10.46	< 0.0001
Limited fingers movement	4.56	1.92-10.66	0.0008
Limited elbow movement	4.39	1.53-12.21	0.0069
Limited wrist movement	4.23	1.58-10.99	0.0049
Limited shoulder movement	3.84	1.94-7.64	0.0001
Stiffness in the affected arm	3.55	1.75-7.16	0.0005
Burning in the affected arm	2.86	1.11-6.93	0.0299
Arm Redness	2.47	1.02-5.66	0.0450
Numbness in the affected arm	2.4	1.21-4.71	0.0124
Tenderness	2.07	1.06-4.03	0.0320
Pain in the affected arm	1.99	1.01-3.89	0.0463

Modified from the publication Ref.[23].