Precision medicine in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: Integrating molecular biomarkers, targeted therapies, and prognostic tools

Table 2 Risk stratification by integrating end-of-treatment circulating tumor DNA and positron emission tomography/computed tomography findings

EOT PET/CT	EOT ctDNA	Clinical implication	Recommended management
Negative	Negative	Molecular + radiographic dual remission	Routine follow-up
Negative	Positive	High-risk subgroup (specificity 90.8%)	Consider consolidation therapy or intensified surveillance
Positive	Negative	Possible inflammatory or inactive lesions (NLR 0.15)	Avoid unnecessary consolidation therapy/invasive biopsy
Positive	Positive	True residual disease/progression	Intensified therapy

EOT: End-of-treatment; ctDNA: Circulating tumor DNA; PET: Positron emission tomography; CT: Computed tomography; NLR: Negative likelihood ratio.