Gastric cancer incidence trends in China: 1989-2018 registry data, 2022 Bayesian age-period-cohort estimates, ecological correlates

doi:10.5306/wjco.125511

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology

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2218-4333

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Clin Oncol. Sep 24, 2026; 17(9): 125511
Published online Sep 24, 2026. doi: 10.5306/wjco.125511

Table 1 Correlation coefficient (r) between various influencing factors and age standardized incidence rate by Chinese standard population of gastric cancer in China

Influencing factors	Year	n	Urban r (95%CI)	Correlation method	Rural r (95%CI)	Correlation method
Helicobacter pylori infection	1989-2018	6	0.533 (-0.457 to 0.996)	Pearson	0.993^a (0.976 to 1.000)	Pearson
Smoking	1991-2015	9	0.167 (-0.603 to 0.878)	Spearman	0.500 (-0.555 to 0.948)	Spearman
Drinking	1989-2018	30	-0.047 (-0.396 to 0.272)	Spearman	-0.373^a (-0.652 to -0.033)	Spearman
High salt pickled food	1992-2017	10	0.435 (-0.200 to 0.908)	Pearson	0.847^a (0.690 to 0.962)	Pearson
Processed meat	1992-2017	10	0.455 (-0.283 to 0.914)	Spearman	0.745^a (0.114 to 1.000)	Spearman
Fresh vegetables	1989-2018	30	0.338 (-0.087 to 0.703)	Spearman	0.866^a (0.675 to 0.934)	Spearman
Fresh fruits	1989-2018	30	-0.749^a (-0.878 to -0.507)	Spearman	-0.929^a (-0.973 to -0.810)	Spearman
Disposable income	1989-2018	30	-0.717^a (-0.889 to -0.422)	Spearman	-0.956^a (-0.980 to -0.883)	Spearman
Refrigerator ownership	1989-2018	30	-0.712^a (-0.901 to -0.406)	Spearman	-0.956^a (-0.980 to -0.884)	Spearman
COD in industrial wastewater	1992-2018	27	0.503^a (0.256 to 0.703)	Pearson	0.875^a (0.765 to 0.951)	Pearson
Ammonia nitrogen in industrial wastewater	1992-2018	27	0.393 (-0.005 to 0.714)	Spearman	0.811^a (0.570 to 0.929)	Spearman
COD in municipal domestic sewage	1998-2018	21	-0.074 (-0.534 to 0.387)	Spearman	-0.204 (-0.729 to 0.272)	Spearman
Ammonia nitrogen in municipal domestic sewage	1998-2018	21	0.234 (-0.113 to 0.538)	Pearson	-0.163 (-0.768 to 0.291)	Pearson
Urban population ratio	1989-2018	30	-0.686^a (-0.831 to -0.486)	Pearson
Rural population ratio	1989-2018	30			0.952^a (0.904 to 0.986)	Pearson

^aP < 0.05.

All correlations are calculated using observed incidence data from 1989-2018; Bayesian age-period-cohort projected 2022 estimate was excluded. For each variable, the table below reports effective sample size (n), covered study years, and correlation method (Pearson/Spearman). All correlation outputs are exploratory descriptive temporal associations only and cannot indicate causality. COD: Chemical oxygen demand.

Full Size Table

Citation: Ren L, Zhang W, Sun L, Li WW, Xiao J, Wang W, Zhao CL, Han C. Gastric cancer incidence trends in China: 1989-2018 registry data, 2022 Bayesian age-period-cohort estimates, ecological correlates. World J Clin Oncol 2026; 17(9): 125511
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-4333/full/v17/i9/125511.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5306/wjco.125511

Ren L, Zhang W, Sun L, Li WW, Xiao J, Wang W, Zhao CL, Han C. Gastric cancer incidence trends in China: 1989-2018 registry data, 2022 Bayesian age-period-cohort estimates, ecological correlates. World J Clin Oncol 2026; 17(9): 125511 [DOI: 10.5306/wjco.125511]

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