Near-complete clinical response after neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer: Decision-making between organ preservation and surgery

doi:10.5306/wjco.123375

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology

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2218-4333

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World J Clin Oncol. Aug 24, 2026; 17(8): 123375
Published online Aug 24, 2026. doi: 10.5306/wjco.123375

Table 2 Quantitative outcomes reported in studies of near-complete clinical response after neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer

Ref.	nCR rate	cCR rate	nCR → cCR conversion	Local regrowth (nCR vs cCR)	Distant metastasis	Organ preservation (nCR vs cCR)
Rosen et al[17], 2025	15% (189/1230)	32% (395/1230)	-	40% vs 24%¹	48% vs 17%² (OR: 4.59)	53% vs 73%
Hupkens et al[11], 2018	40% (68/170)	60% (102/170)	90% (44/49)	27% vs 16%³	-	Sustained W&W⁴
Verheij et al[7], 2024	-	-	-	94% < 2 years⁵	-	Approximately 50% (overall)

¹Three-year local-regrowth rate.

²Distant metastasis after local regrowth: Near-complete clinical response converting to clinical complete response on watch-and-wait vs persistent near-complete clinical response resected.

³Two-year local-regrowth rate (converted near-complete clinical response vs clinical complete response).

⁴Forty-four of 49 converted patients managed nonoperatively, with outcomes comparable to primary clinical complete response. ⁵Proportion of all local regrowth occurring within 2 years in the OPRA watch-and-wait cohort (99% within 3 years).

In the comparison columns, values are shown as near-complete clinical response vs clinical complete response. nCR: Near-complete clinical response; cCR: Clinical complete response; W&W: Watch-and-wait; OR: Odds ratio.

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Citation: Tantinam T, Bhatanaprabhabhan K, Ngamsirimas B, Sutharat P, Thiengthiantham R, Santrakul N, Sanmee S, Supatrakul E, Chandrachamnong P, Buakhrun S. Near-complete clinical response after neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer: Decision-making between organ preservation and surgery. World J Clin Oncol 2026; 17(8): 123375
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-4333/full/v17/i8/123375.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5306/wjco.123375

Tantinam T, Bhatanaprabhabhan K, Ngamsirimas B, Sutharat P, Thiengthiantham R, Santrakul N, Sanmee S, Supatrakul E, Chandrachamnong P, Buakhrun S. Near-complete clinical response after neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer: Decision-making between organ preservation and surgery. World J Clin Oncol 2026; 17(8): 123375 [DOI: 10.5306/wjco.123375]

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