Role of tumor markers and cytokines in the pathogenesis of lung cancer

doi:10.5306/wjco.121169

Advanced Search

BPG is committed to discovery and dissemination of knowledge

Home / Archive / Volume 17, Issue 6

This Article

(33)

(30)

(0)

(23)

(645)

Peer-Review Report of This Article

CrossCheck and Google Search of This Article

Academic Rules and Norms of This Article

Citation of this article

Corresponding Author of This Article

Research Domain of This Article

Article-Type of This Article

Open-Access Policy of This Article

Times Cited Counts in Google of This Article

Journal Information of This Article

Publication Name

World Journal of Clinical Oncology

ISSN

2218-4333

Publisher of This Article

Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Opinion Review

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Clin Oncol. Jun 24, 2026; 17(6): 121169
Published online Jun 24, 2026. doi: 10.5306/wjco.121169

Table 1 The circulating levels of tumor markers and cytokines in the pathogenesis of lung cancer

Tumor markers and cytokines	Circulating levels
CEA	Increased level
SCC	Not yet reported
CK19	Increased level
TNF-α	Increased level
GM-CSF	Increased level
IFN-γ	Increased level
IL-1	Increased level
IL-2	Increased level
IL-4	Increased level
IL-6	Increased level
IL-8	Increased level
IL-10	Increased level
MCP-1	Increased level
NSE	Increased level

CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; SCC: Squamous cell carcinoma; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α; GM-CSF: Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; IFN-γ: Interferon-γ; IL: Interleukin; MCP-1: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; NSE: Neuron-specific enolase.

Full Size Table

Citation: Tariq M, Sattar A, Khalid A, Azam M, Mehmood M, Hafeez R, Rafaqat S. Role of tumor markers and cytokines in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. World J Clin Oncol 2026; 17(6): 121169
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-4333/full/v17/i6/121169.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5306/wjco.121169

Tariq M, Sattar A, Khalid A, Azam M, Mehmood M, Hafeez R, Rafaqat S. Role of tumor markers and cytokines in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. World J Clin Oncol 2026; 17(6): 121169 [DOI: 10.5306/wjco.121169]

All content on this site: Copyright © 1993-2026 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, its licensors, and contributors. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. For all open access content, the relevant licensing terms apply.