Evolving patterns of gastrointestinal stromal tumor presentation, management, and outcome over three decades: A Middle Eastern retrospective study

Table 5 Comparison of clinico-pathological characteristics based on surgical approach, n (%)

	Open (n = 124)	Minimally invasive surgeries1 (n = 142)	P value
Age (mean ± SD)	51.9 ± 14.8	54.3 ± 12.5	0.16
Localized to primary organ site	63 (50.8)	117 (82.4)	0.001
Locally advanced to other GIT sites	40 (32.3)	11 (7.7)	0.001
Small bowel	45 (36.3)	11 (7.7)	0.001
Endoscopy	50 (40.3)	110 (77.5)	0.001
Maximum size of tumor (cm)	8 (0.3-23)	5 (0.25-16)	0.001
Risk stratification			0.34 for all
Low-risk	65 (52.4)	86 (60.6)
Intermediate-risk	18 (14.5)	20 (14.1)
High-risk	41 (33.1)	36 (25.4)
Tumor necrosis	42 (37.5)	40 (29.0)	0.15
Management
Complete resection with negative surgical margins	103 (83.1)	130 (91.5)	0.03 for all
Complete resection with positive surgical margins	21 (16.9)	12 (8.5)
Chemotherapy	65 (52.4)	70 (49.3)	0.61
Radiation therapy	2 (1.6)	0 (0.0)	0.12
Blood transfusion (< 24 hours post-operation)	31 (25.0)	36 (25.4)	0.94
Hospital length of stay (days)	9 (1-60)	7 (1-44)	0.009
Follow-up period (months)	47.5 (1-250)	26 (1-252)	0.002
Post-operative complications
Bleeding	9 (7.3)	1 (0.7)	0.005
Infection	7 (5.6)	2 (1.4)	0.11
Deep vein thrombosis	3 (2.4)	1 (0.7)	0.25
Anastomotic leaks	2 (1.6)	3 (2.1)	0.76
Outcome
Disease free survival	95 (76.6)	130 (91.5)	0.003 for all
Survived with recurrent/metastatic disease	18 (14.5)	7 (4.9)
Died	11 (8.9)	5 (3.5)
Lost to follow-up after surgery	29 (23.4)	22 (15.5)	0.10
Incidental post-sleeve gastrectomy	2 (1.6)	23 (16.2)	0.001
Multiple operations	7 (5.6)	6 (4.2)	0.59

¹Laparoscopic and robotic.

GIT: Gastrointestinal tract.