Evolving patterns of gastrointestinal stromal tumor presentation, management, and outcome over three decades: A Middle Eastern retrospective study

doi:10.5306/wjco.120388

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology

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2218-4333

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Cohort Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Clin Oncol. Jun 24, 2026; 17(6): 120388
Published online Jun 24, 2026. doi: 10.5306/wjco.120388

Table 3 Demographics and clinical presentation of gastrointestinal stromal tumor patients based on risk stratification, n (%)

	Low-risk (n = 161)	Intermediate-risk (n = 40)	High-risk (n = 81)	P value
Age at surgery (mean ± SD)	55.1 ± 12.8	50.1 ± 12.5	51.4 ± 15.0	0.06
Males	101 (62.7)	28 (70.0)	54 (66.7)	0.63 for all
Females	60 (37.3)	12 (30.0)	27 (33.3)	0.63 for all
Clinical history
Neurofibromatosis	4 (2.5)	0 (0.0)	3 (3.7)	0.46
A skin disorder	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	2 (2.5)	0.08
Familial GIST	2 (1.2)	0 (0.0)	4 (4.9)	0.10
Clinical presentation
Abdominal pain	106 (65.8)	24 (60.0)	59 (72.8)	0.32
Vomiting	43 (26.7)	9 (22.5)	33 (40.7)	0.04
Blood in stool/vomit	55 (34.2)	19 (47.5)	38 (46.9)	0.08
Fatigue due to anemia	37 (23.0)	11 (27.5)	12 (14.8)	0.20
Bowel obstruction	7 (4.3)	0 (0.0)	6 (7.4)	0.18
Radiological investigations
X-ray	34 (21.1)	9 (22.5)	29 (35.8)	0.04
Ultrasonography	67 (41.6)	16 (40.0)	30 (37.0)	0.79
Computed tomography	127 (78.9)	38 (95.0)	66 (81.5)	0.06
Barium study	5 (3.1)	7 (17.5)	8 (9.9)	0.003
MRI	54 (33.5)	11 (27.5)	24 (29.6)	0.69
Endoscopy	95 (59.0)	22 (55.0)	53 (65.4)	0.47
Localized to primary organ site	98 (60.9)	35 (87.5)	49 (60.5)	0.005
Locally advanced to other GIT structures	30 (18.6)	3 (7.5)	29 (35.8)	0.001
Distant metastases	15 (9.3)	3 (7.5)	18 (22.2)	0.01
Primary location
Stomach	103 (64.0)	28 (70.0)	60 (74.1)	0.26
Duodenum	10 (6.2)	1 (2.5)	4 (4.9)	0.63
Small bowel	33 (20.5)	13 (32.5)	14 (17.3)	0.14
Colon	4 (2.5)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0.21
Rectum	6 (3.7)	0 (0.0)	2 (2.5)	0.43
Esophagus	3 (1.9)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0.32
Omentum	0 (0.0)	2 (5.0)	4 (4.9)	0.08
Other sites	8 (5.0)	0 (0.0)	6 (7.4)	0.21
Histological type
Spindle cell type	102 (63.4)	27 (67.5)	30 (37.0)	0.001 for all
Epithelioid type	5 (3.1)	1 (2.5)	12 (14.8)
Mixed type	24 (14.9)	8 (20.0)	20 (24.7)
Unspecified	30 (18.6)	4 (10.0)	19 (23.5)
Immuno-histochemistry
CD 117 (n = 259)	114 (75.5)	31 (83.8)	62 (87.3)	0.10
CD 34 (n = 252)	87 (59.6)	26 (70.3)	55 (79.7)	0.01
SMA (n = 243)	39 (28.3)	14 (37.8)	30 (44.1)	0.06
S-100 protein (n = 246)	8 (5.8)	2 (5.4)	9 (12.9)	0.16

GIST: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor; GIT: Gastrointestinal tract; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging.

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Citation: El-Matbouly MA, Al-Thani H, El-Menyar A, Al-Sulaiti M, Asim M, Al Yaseen M, Suliman A, Albahrani A, Al-Bozom I, Tabeb A. Evolving patterns of gastrointestinal stromal tumor presentation, management, and outcome over three decades: A Middle Eastern retrospective study. World J Clin Oncol 2026; 17(6): 120388
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-4333/full/v17/i6/120388.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5306/wjco.120388

El-Matbouly MA, Al-Thani H, El-Menyar A, Al-Sulaiti M, Asim M, Al Yaseen M, Suliman A, Albahrani A, Al-Bozom I, Tabeb A. Evolving patterns of gastrointestinal stromal tumor presentation, management, and outcome over three decades: A Middle Eastern retrospective study. World J Clin Oncol 2026; 17(6): 120388 [DOI: 10.5306/wjco.120388]

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