Evolving patterns of gastrointestinal stromal tumor presentation, management, and outcome over three decades: A Middle Eastern retrospective study

Table 2 Management and outcome of gastrointestinal stromal tumor cases, n (%)

Management	Value
Resection	266 (94.3)
Unresectable (4 partial and 4 open biopsy)	8 (2.8)
CT guided biopsy only	8 (2.8)
Types of resections (n = 266)
Open	124 (46.6)
Laparoscopic resection	114 (42.9)
Robotic resection	28 (10.5)
Completely resectable with negative margin (R0)	241 (85.5)
Completely resectable with positive margin (R1)	33 (11.7)
Chemotherapy1	145 (51.4)
Radiation therapy	3 (1.1)
Blood transfusion (within 24 hours post-operation)	70 (24.8)
Blood transfusion units (within 24 hours post-operation)	1 (1-4)
Hemoglobin (before operation)	10.9 ± 2.9
Post-operative complications
Bleeding	11 (3.9)
Infection	9 (3.2)
Deep vein thrombosis	5 (1.8)
Anastomotic leaks	5 (1.8)
Hospital length of stay (days)	8 (1-60)
Follow-up period (months)	35.5 (1-252)
Outcome
Disease free survival	232 (82.3)
Survived with recurrent/metastatic disease	30 (10.6)
Death	20 (7.1)
Cause of death
Primary advance GIST tumor (hemorrhagic shock)	9 (45.0)
Coronary artery disease	2 (10.0)
Septic shock (UTI primary source)	1 (5.0)
Cerebro-vascular accident (intracranial hemorrhage)	2 (10.0)
Metastatic disease	3 (15.0)
Unknown	3 (15.0)
Lost to follow-up after surgery	54 (19.1)
Other than GIST cancer during follow-up, 19 patients had cancer other than GIST during follow-up (4 had colon cancer, 4 had breast cancer, 2 had rectal cancer, 3 had Gastro-esophageal cancer, 2 had chronic myeloid leukemia, 1 had tongue cancer, 1 had lung cancer, 1 had renal cell carcinoma and 1 had prostate cancer). 2 patients had two cancer types than GIST during follow-up (1 had prostate and lymphoma, 1 had esophageal and lung cancer)	21 (7.4)
Incidental post sleeve gastrectomy	25 (8.9)
Multiple operations	13 (4.6)

¹The type of chemotherapy: 139 patients Imatinib and 1 had Sunitinib.

GIST: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor; UTI: Urinary tract infection; CT: Computed tomography.