Evolving patterns of gastrointestinal stromal tumor presentation, management, and outcome over three decades: A Middle Eastern retrospective study

Table 1 Demographics and clinical presentation of gastrointestinal stromal tumor patients (n = 282), n (%)

Variable	Value	Variable	Value
Age at surgery (mean ± SD)	53.4 ± 13.5	Esophagus	3 (1.1)
Males	183 (64.9)	Colon	4 (1.4)
Females	99 (35.1)	Retroperitoneal	1 (0.4)
Qatari	52 (18.4)	Mesentery of small bowel1	3 (1.1)
Clinical history		Liver	1 (0.4)
Neurofibromatosis	7 (2.5)	Other sites	14 (5.0)
Familial GIST	6 (2.1)	Immunohistochemical analysis
A skin disorder	2 (0.7)	CD 117 (n = 259)	207 (79.9)
Familial urticaria pigmentosa	0 (0.0)	CD 34 (n = 252)	168 (66.7)
Clinical presentation		Smooth-muscle actin (n = 243)	83 (34.2)
Abdominal pain	189 (67.0)	S-100 protein (n = 246)	19 (7.7)
Melena/hematemesis	112 (39.7)	Maximum size of tumor (cm) (median, range) (n = 272)	5.5 (0.3-29.0)
Vomiting	85 (30.1)	Tumor size (cm)
Fatigue due to anemia	60 (21.3)	≤ 2	36 (13.2)
Bowel obstruction	13 (4.6)	> 2-5	86 (31.6)
Radiological investigations		> 5-10	104 (38.2)
Computed tomography scan	(81.9)	> 10	46 (16.9)
Endoscopy	170 (60.3)	Mitotic count (HPF) (n = 213)
Ultrasonography	113 (40.1)	≤ 5	141 (66.2)
MRI	89 (31.6)	6-10	42 (19.7)
X-ray	72 (25.5)	> 10	30 (14.1)
Barium study	20 (7.1)	Tumor necrosis (n = 262)	91 (34.7)
Localized to primary organ site	182 (64.5)	Risk stratification
Locally advanced to other GIT structures	62 (22.0)	Low-risk	161 (57.1)
Distant metastases at evaluation	36 (12.8)	Intermediate-risk	40 (14.2)
Primary location		High-risk	81 (28.7)
Stomach2	191 (67.7)
Small bowel	60 (21.3)
Duodenum	15 (5.3)
Rectum	8 (2.8)
Omentum	6 (2.1)

¹One had metastasis of the liver and other had multiple peritoneal metastasis.

²One had lymph node recurrence, and one had liver metastasis.

HPF: High power field; GIT: Gastro-intestinal tract; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging.