Precision therapy for driver gene mutations in breast cancer: Current landscape and future perspectives

Table 4 Future innovative therapeutic strategies to address current challenges

Current challenge	Future innovative strategy	Representative technology/drug class	Potential advantage and mechanism
Multi-mechanism resistance	ADCs	T-DXd, SG	Deliver high-potency cytotoxic agents precisely to tumor cells via a “biological missile” approach, potentially overcoming resistance from bypass activation, etc.
Tumor heterogeneity and drug targeting	Novel drug delivery systems	Nanocarriers, prodrugs	Increase drug concentration at tumor sites, enable tumor microenvironment-specific activation, thereby reducing systemic exposure and adverse effects

ADCs: Antibody-drug conjugates; T-DXd: Trastuzumab deruxtecan; SG: Sacituzumab govitecan.