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Publication Name
World Journal of Clinical Oncology
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2218-4333
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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Systematic Reviews
Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026.
World J Clin Oncol. Apr 24, 2026; 17(4): 117460
Published online Apr 24, 2026. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v17.i4.117460
Table 2 New Castle Ottawa Scale for quality assessment of observational studies
Ref.Selection
Comparability
Outcome/exposure
Representative exposed cohort
Selection of non-exposed cohort
Ascertainment of exposure
Outcome of interest not present at baseline
Comparability of cohorts (design, analysis)
Outcome assessment
Was follow-up long enough for outcomes to occur?
Adequacy of follow-up
Quality
Davey et al[36], 2023★★★★★★★-Good
Ju et al[37], 2022★★★-★★★★Good
Ju et al[38], 2024★★★-★★★★Good
Noda-Narita et al[40], 2020★-★-★★★★Good
Case-control studiesCase definitionRepresentative casesControl selectionControl definition Comparability of cases and controls (design, analysis)Ascertainment of exposureAscertainment. Methods for cases and controlsNon-response rate
Łuczkowska et al[39], 2021★★★★★★★-Good
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