T cell exhaustion markers in hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: Expression patterns and prognostic significance in an Egyptian cohort

doi:10.5306/wjco.v17.i2.114622

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology

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2218-4333

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Clin Oncol. Feb 24, 2026; 17(2): 114622
Published online Feb 24, 2026. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v17.i2.114622

Table 11 Immune profiles by Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Stage in hepatocellular carcinoma patients, mean ± SD/median (interquartile range)/n (%)

Parameter	Early stage (BCLC A/B, n = 10)	Advanced stage (BCLC C/D, n = 40)	t/Z/χ²	P value
CD4/PD-1 (%)	33.50 ± 0.50	36.00 ± 0.40	t = -15.00	< 0.001^b
CD8/TIM-3 (%)	15.50 ± 0.50	17.80 ± 0.40	t =-14.50	< 0.001^b
AFP (ng/mL)	10000 (8000-12000)	14000 (12000-15000)	Z =-3.50	< 0.001^b
Mortality	1 (10)	16 (40)	χ² = 4.20	0.040^a

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.001.

Etiology controlled by study design (hepatitis C virus-positive hepatocellular carcinoma patients only). PD-1: Programmed death 1; TIM-3: T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; BCLC: Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer.

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Citation: Hasan AM, Ghanem SMFI, Othman AAA, Rashad MH, Nosair N, Elgamal R. T cell exhaustion markers in hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: Expression patterns and prognostic significance in an Egyptian cohort. World J Clin Oncol 2026; 17(2): 114622
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-4333/full/v17/i2/114622.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5306/wjco.v17.i2.114622

Hasan AM, Ghanem SMFI, Othman AAA, Rashad MH, Nosair N, Elgamal R. T cell exhaustion markers in hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: Expression patterns and prognostic significance in an Egyptian cohort. World J Clin Oncol 2026; 17(2): 114622 [PMID: 41810349 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v17.i2.114622]

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