T cell exhaustion markers in hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: Expression patterns and prognostic significance in an Egyptian cohort

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology

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2218-4333

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Clin Oncol. Feb 24, 2026; 17(2): 114622
Published online Feb 24, 2026. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v17.i2.114622

Table 10 Mediation analysis of CD4/programmed death 1 in alpha-fetoprotein-mortality relationship

Effect	¹β (95%CI)	P value
Direct effect (AFP to mortality)	0.30 (0.15-0.45)	< 0.001^a
Indirect effect (AFP to CD4/PD-1 to mortality)	0.45 (0.25-0.65)	< 0.001^a
Total effect	0.75 (0.55-0.95)	< 0.001^a

¹β: Standardized coefficient.

^aP < 0.001.

AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; PD-1: Programmed death 1; CI: Confidence interval.

Citation: Hasan AM, Ghanem SMFI, Othman AAA, Rashad MH, Nosair N, Elgamal R. T cell exhaustion markers in hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: Expression patterns and prognostic significance in an Egyptian cohort. World J Clin Oncol 2026; 17(2): 114622
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-4333/full/v17/i2/114622.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5306/wjco.v17.i2.114622

Hasan AM, Ghanem SMFI, Othman AAA, Rashad MH, Nosair N, Elgamal R. T cell exhaustion markers in hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: Expression patterns and prognostic significance in an Egyptian cohort. World J Clin Oncol 2026; 17(2): 114622 [PMID: 41810349 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v17.i2.114622]

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