Contrast-enhanced T2-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging for radiotherapy target delineation in brain metastases: A narrative review

doi:10.5306/wjco.124285

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology

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2218-4333

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Clin Oncol. Oct 24, 2026; 17(10): 124285
Published online Oct 24, 2026. doi: 10.5306/wjco.124285

Table 1 An ASTRO clinical practice guideline for brain metastases radiotherapy

KQ	Population	Intervention	Comparator	Outcomes
1	What are the indications for SRS alone for patients with intact BM?
	Patients with intact BM	Observation WBRT	SRS	Intracranial control; progression-free survival; overall survival; neurocognitive function; patient-reported outcomes
2	What are the indications for observation, preoperative SRS or WBRT in patients with resected BM?
	Patients with resected BM	Observation WBRT	SRS	Intracranial control; progression-free survival; overall survival; neurocognitive function; patient-reported outcomes
3	What are the indications for WBRT for patients with intact BM?
	Patients with intact BM	Observation WBRT	Conventional WBRT; HA-WBRT; HA-WBRT plus memantine	Intracranial control; progression-free survival; overall survival; neurocognitive function; patient-reported outcomes
4	What are the risks of symptomatic radionecrosis with WBRT and/or SRS for patients with BM?
	Patients with BM	WBRT	SRS	Symptomatic radionecrosis; other adverse effects

BM: Brain metastases; KQ: Key question; SRS: Stereotactic radiosurgery; WBRT: Whole-brain radiation therapy; HA-WBRT: Hippocampal-avoidance whole-brain radiation therapy.

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Citation: Li YY, Dai ZT, Zhang HG, Li YT, Tang R, Gu AY, Wu Y, Bi SY, Huang TL, Yang LX, Zhang Y, Sun XR. Contrast-enhanced T2-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging for radiotherapy target delineation in brain metastases: A narrative review. World J Clin Oncol 2026; 17(10): 124285
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-4333/full/v17/i10/124285.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5306/wjco.124285

Li YY, Dai ZT, Zhang HG, Li YT, Tang R, Gu AY, Wu Y, Bi SY, Huang TL, Yang LX, Zhang Y, Sun XR. Contrast-enhanced T2-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging for radiotherapy target delineation in brain metastases: A narrative review. World J Clin Oncol 2026; 17(10): 124285 [DOI: 10.5306/wjco.124285]

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