Impact of different surgical approaches on prognosis in patients with pancreatic neck cancer: A retrospective cohort study

Table 3 Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses of disease-free survival in all patients, median (interquartile range)

Variable	Univariate		Multivariate
	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
Gender
Male	Reference
Female	0.796 (0.561-1.128)	0.200
Age (years)	1.003 (0.982-1.024)	0.781
BMI (kg/m2)	0.960 (0.897-1.027)	0.238
CA19-9 (U/mL)
< 37 U/mL	Reference
≥ 37 U/mL	1.333 (0.896-1.985)	0.157
Grade
Poorly differentiated	Reference		Reference
Moderately differentiated	0.713 (0.495-1.028)	0.070	0.752 (0.508-1.113)	0.154
Well differentiated	0.451 (0.204-0.998)	0.050	0.426 (0.186-0.973)	0.043
Intravascular cancer thrombus
-	Reference		Reference
+	1.565 (1.083-2.264)	0.017	1.462 (0.956-2.236)	0.079
Nerve invasion
-	Reference		Reference
+	1.710 (1.048-2.789)	0.032	1.116 (0.659-1.887)	0.684
T stage
T1-T2	Reference		Reference
T3-T4	2.004 (1.404-2.861)	< 0.001	1.761 (1.152-2.691)	0.009
N stage
N0	Reference		Reference
N1 + N2	1.722 (1.214-2.441)	0.002	1.417 (0.963-2.084)	0.077
Surgical margin
R0	Reference		Reference
R1	3.021 (1.855-4.921)	< 0.001	2.312 (1.362-3.927)	0.002
Surgical procedure
DP	Reference		Reference
PD	0.831 (0.533-1.297)	0.416	0.838 (0.532-1.320)	0.446
TP	1.790 (1.119-2.862)	0.015	1.258 (0.761-2.082)	0.371
Postoperative stay (days)	1.001 (0.975-1.028)	0.917

HR: Hazard ratio; BMI: Body mass index; CA19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; R0: Microscopically margin-negative resection; R1: Microscopically margin-positive resection; DP: Distal pancreatectomy; PD: Pancreaticoduodenectomy; TP: Total pancreatectomy.