Impact of different surgical approaches on prognosis in patients with pancreatic neck cancer: A retrospective cohort study

Table 2 Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses of overall survival in all patients, median (interquartile range)

Variable	Univariate		Multivariate
	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
Gender
Male	Reference		Reference
Female	0.709 (0.481-1.044)	0.082	0.758 (0.506-1.135)	0.178
Age (years)	1.006 (0.982-1.031)	0.629
BMI (kg/m2)	0.966 (0.898-1.039)	0.348
CA19-9 (U/mL)
< 37 U/mL	Reference
≥ 37 U/mL	1.216 (0.784-1.887)	0.382
Grade
Poorly differentiated	Reference		Reference
Moderately differentiated	0.670 (0.451-0.995)	0.047	0.746 (0.489-1.138)	0.174
Well differentiated	0.312 (0.112-0.870)	0.026	0.311 (0.109-0.888)	0.029
Intravascular cancer thrombus
-	Reference
+	1.076 (0.711-1.628)	0.730
Nerve invasion
-	Reference
+	1.457 (0.865-2.453)	0.157
T stage
T1-T2	Reference		Reference
T3-T4	2.267 (1.539-3.339)	< 0.001	1.840 (1.166-2.905)	0.009
N stage
N0	Reference		Reference
N1 + N2	1.387 (0.944-2.038)	0.095	1.094 (0.736-1.626)	0.656
Surgical margin
R0	Reference		Reference
R1	3.044 (1.834-5.052)	< 0.001	2.226 (1.258-3.938)	0.006
Surgical procedure
DP	Reference		Reference
PD	0.772 (0.467-1.275)	0.312	0.738 (0.442-1.233)	0.246
TP	2.151 (1.309-3.536)	0.003	1.632 (0.933-2.853)	0.086
Postoperative stay (days)	1.002 (0.971-1.033)	0.909
Neoadjuvant therapy
No	Reference
Yes	0.962 (0.522-1.775)	0.902

OS: Overall survival; HR: Hazard ratio; BMI: Body mass index; CA19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; R0: Microscopically margin-negative resection; R1: Microscopically margin-positive resection; DP: Distal pancreatectomy; PD: Pancreaticoduodenectomy; TP: Total pancreatectomy.