Development and internal validation of an immune-based prognostic modeling of early-onset colorectal cancer via machine learning

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of 123 colorectal cancer patients by progression status, mean ± SD/n (%)

Characteristics	Overall (n = 123)	No progression (n = 93)	Progression (n = 30)
Age (years)	42.8 ± 7.2	42.9 ± 7.0	42.7 ± 7.8
Sex
Male	65.0 (52.8)	50.0 (53.8)	15.0 (50.0)
Female	58.0 (47.2)	43.0 (46.2)	15.0 (50.0)
Stage
I-II	74.0 (60.2)	63.0 (67.7)	11.0 (36.7)
III-IV	49.0 (39.8)	30.0 (32.3)	19.0 (63.3)
Family
No	82.0 (66.7)	62.0 (66.7)	20.0 (66.7)
Yes	41.0 (33.3)	31.0 (33.3)	10.0 (33.3)
T stage
1	7.0 (5.7)	7.0 (7.5)	0.0 (0.0)
2	26.0 (21.1)	24.0 (25.8)	2.0 (6.7)
3	74.0 (60.2)	54.0 (58.1)	20.0 (66.7)
4	16.0 (13.0)	8.0 (8.6)	8.0 (26.7)
N stage
0	69.0 (56.1)	61.0 (65.6)	8.0 (26.7)
1	43.0 (35.0)	25.0 (26.9)	18.0 (60.0)
2	11.0 (8.9)	7.0 (7.5)	4.0 (13.3)
M stage
0	115.0 (93.5)	91.0 (97.8)	24.0 (80.0)
1	8.0 (6.5)	2.0 (2.2)	6.0 (20.0)
CMOR
No	116.0 (94.3)	91.0 (97.8)	25.0 (83.3)
Yes	7.0 (5.7)	2.0 (2.2)	5.0 (16.7)
Chemoradiotherapy
No	38.0 (30.9)	36.0 (38.7)	2.0 (6.7)
Yes	85.0 (69.1)	57.0 (61.3)	28.0 (93.3)
Tumor necrosis
Negative	122.0 (99.2)	92.0 (98.9)	30.0 (100.0)
Positive	1.0 (0.8)	1.0 (1.1)	0.0 (0.0)
Vascular invasion
Negative	94.0 (76.4)	75.0 (80.6)	19.0 (63.3)
Positive	29.0 (23.6)	18.0 (19.4)	11.0 (36.7)
Nerve invasion
Negative	94.0 (76.4)	76.0 (81.7)	18.0 (60.0)
Positive	29.0 (23.6)	17.0 (18.3)	12.0 (40.0)
CEA (ng/mL)	13.0 ± 49.2	4.8 ± 5.7	38.4 ± 96.0
CD3+T (%)
≤ 71.33	63.0 (51.2)	47.0 (50.5)	16.0 (53.3)
> 71.33	60.0 (48.8)	46.0 (49.5)	14.0 (46.7)
CD3+CD4+T (%)
≤ 34.93	64.0 (52.0)	48.0 (51.6)	16.0 (53.3)
> 34.93	59.0 (48.0)	45.0 (48.4)	14.0 (46.7)
CD3+CD8+T (%)
≤ 28.35	60.0 (48.8)	45.0 (48.4)	15.0 (50.0)
> 28.35	63.0 (51.2)	48.0 (51.6)	15.0 (50.0)
CD16+CD56+NK (%)
≤ 17.13	66.0 (53.7)	53.0 (57.0)	13.0 (43.3)
> 17.13	57.0 (46.3)	40.0 (43.0)	17.0 (56.7)
CD19+B (%)
≤ 1.32	59.0 (48.0)	42.0 (45.2)	17.0 (56.7)
> 1.32	64.0 (52.0)	51.0 (54.8)	13.0 (43.3)
CD4+T/CD8+T (%)
≤ 71.33	66.0 (53.7)	52.0 (55.9)	14.0 (46.7)
> 71.33	57.0 (46.3)	41.0 (44.1)	16.0 (53.3)
Treg (%)
≤ 8.47	65.0 (52.8)	48.0 (51.6)	17.0 (56.7)
> 8.47	58.0 (47.2)	45.0 (48.4)	13.0 (43.3)

T: Tumor; N: Node; M: Metastasis; CMOR: Combined multiple organ resection; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; NK: Natural killer; Treg: Regulatory T cells.