Systematic Reviews
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Clin Oncol. Aug 24, 2025; 16(8): 109206
Published online Aug 24, 2025. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v16.i8.109206
Table 1 Risk of bias and applicability concerns assessment according to QUADAS-2 for included studies
StudyRisk of bias
Applicability concerns
Patient selection
Index test
Reference standard
Flow and timing
Patient selection
Index test
Reference standard
Study 1Low riskLow riskLow riskLow riskLow riskLow riskLow risk
Study 2High riskLow riskLow riskLow riskLow riskLow riskLow risk
Study 3Low riskUnclear riskLow riskLow riskHigh riskLow riskLow risk
Study 4Low riskLow riskLow riskLow riskLow riskLow riskLow risk
Study 5Low riskLow riskLow riskLow riskLow riskLow riskLow risk
Study 6Low riskLow riskLow riskLow riskLow riskUnclear riskLow risk
Study 7Low RiskLow riskLow riskLow riskLow riskLow riskLow risk
Study 8Low riskLow riskLow riskLow riskLow riskUnclear riskLow risk
Study 9Low riskLow riskLow riskLow riskLow riskLow riskLow risk
Study 10Low riskLow riskLow riskHigh riskLow riskLow riskLow risk
Study 11Low riskLow riskLow riskLow riskLow riskLow riskLow risk
Study 12Low riskLow riskLow riskLow riskLow riskLow riskLow risk
Study 13Low riskLow riskLow riskLow riskLow riskLow riskLow risk
Study 14Low riskLow riskLow riskLow riskLow riskLow riskLow risk
Study 15Low riskLow riskLow riskLow riskLow riskLow riskLow risk
Study 16Low riskLow riskLow riskLow riskLow riskLow riskLow risk