Predictive model for sphincter preservation in lower rectal cancer

Table 4 Criteria for local excision in low rectal cancer

Factors
Smaller tumors (< 3cm)
Occupying < 30% of the rectal lumen circumference
< 8 cm from the anal verge
With invasion limited to the mucosa superficial submucosa (SM1)
Well-to-moderately differentiation
No lymphovascular invasion
No perineural invasion
Low tumor budding