Unleashing the potential of ferroptosis, autophagy, and mitochondrial dynamics as emerging modalities in cancer treatment

Figure 3 Mechanism of ferritinophagy. Ferritin is transported to the autophagolysosome with the help of nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4), leading to the degradation of ferritin and the release of free iron. The increase of free iron intracellularly leads to the production of reactive oxygen species in labile iron pool. As a result, the cells become sensitive to ferroptosis. Fe²⁺: Ferrous iron; Fe³⁺: Ferric iron.