Revolutionizing cancer care: Bioprinting prostate cancer stem cells for targeted treatments

Figure 2 Standard vs personalized medicine in cancer treatment: The figure illustrates the distinction between standard and personalized medicine approaches in cancer treatment. A: Standard medicine: Patients receive generalized treatment based on broad clinical guidelines, often leading to variable responses due to tumor heterogeneity; B: Personalized medicine: Patient-derived tumor cells are used to create bioprinted tumor models, enabling preclinical drug testing tailored to the individual’s cancer profile. This approach enhances treatment efficacy, minimizes adverse effects, and optimizes therapeutic outcomes.