Transarterial chemoembolization plus lenvatinib with or without protein-1 inhibitor for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus

Table 1 Baseline characteristics and clinical data of hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus patients before and after propensity score matching, n (%)

Variables	Before PSM			After PSM
	TACE-L-P group (n = 42)	TACE-L group (n = 68)	P value	TACE-L group (n = 42)	Adjusted P value
Patient characteristics
Sex (male)	34 (81.0)	51 (75.0)	0.624	32 (76.2)	0.790
Age (years)	53.0 ± 14.1	52.8 ± 15.1	0.963	51.02 ± 13.4	0.513
Hepatitis B surface antigen (positive)	32 (76.2)	48 (70.6)	0.674	27 (64.3)	0.340
Liver cirrhosis (yes)	23 (54.8)	30 (44.1)	0.374	20 (47.6)	0.662
Recurrent tumor (yes)	12 (28.6)	8 (11.8)	0.049	7 (16.7)	0.296
Imaging parameters
Largest tumor size (cm)	13.6 ± 5.1	12.5 ± 4.9	0.294	12.7 ± 4.8	0.402
Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Tumor staging
B	15 (35.7)	33 (48.5)	0.263	18 (42.9)	0.655
C	27 (64.3)	35 (51.5)		24 (57.1)
Portal vein tumor thrombus classification
VP 1-2	10 (23.8)	10 (14.7)	0.343	7 (16.7)	0.587
VP 3-4	32 (76.2)	58 (85.3)		35 (83.3)
Biochemical parameters
Hemoglobin (g/L)	120.9 ± 18.4	123.1 ± 22.8	0.579	122.9 ± 21.6	0.652
Serum albumin (g/L)	34.2 ± 5.58	36.2 ± 5.2	0.040	34.9 ± 5.2	0.492
Alpha-fetoprotein ≥ 400 ng/mL (yes)	33 (78.6)	49 (72.1)	0.592	33 (78.6)	1.000
Child–Pugh classification
A	20 (47.6)	37 (57.4)	0.620	26 (61.9)	0.273
B	22 (52.4)	31 (45.6)		16 (38.1)
Total bilirubin > 17.1 μmol/L (yes)	5 (11.9)	13 (19.1)	0.467	6 (16.3)	> 0.999
Alanine aminotransferase > 50 (U/L)	8 (19.0)	18 (26.5)	0.509	11 (26.2)	0.602
Aspartate aminotransferase > 40 (U/L)	7 (16.7)	17 (25.0)	0.430	11 (26.2)	0.425
Creatinine > 97 (μmol/L)	7 (16.7)	19 (27.9)	0.262	13 (31.0)	0.200
Histopathological parameters
Extrahepatic invasion (yes)	22 (52.4)	21 (30.8)	0.041	20 (47.6)	0.827
Tumor type
Nodular	10 (23.8)	11 (16.7)	0.459	9 (21.4)	> 0.999
Infiltrative	32 (76.2)	57 (83.8)		33 (78.6)

PSM: Propensity score matching; TACE-L: Transarterial chemoembolization combined with lenvatinib; TACE-L-P: Transarterial arterial chemoembolization combined with lenvatinib plus death protein-1 inhibitors; VP: Vascular invasion type according to Cheng's classification.