Regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-13 in cancer: Signaling pathways and non-coding RNAs in tumor progression and therapeutic targeting

Figure 4 Signaling pathways controlling matrix metalloproteinase-13 in cancer. This figure shows the most important signaling pathways regulating matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression in various cancers, such as breast cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, lung cancer, bladder cancer, and prostate cancer. MMP-13: Matrix metalloproteinase-13; ATF3: Activating transcription factor 3, STAT3: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; AP1: Activating protein 1; GREM1: Gremlin-1, TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor α; ATM: Ataxia telangiectasia mutated protein; TGF-β: Transforming growth factor-β; MAPK: Mitogen activated protein kinase; ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinase; NF-κB: Nuclear factor kappa B; PLC: Phospholipase C; Akt: Protein kinase B; CREB: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein; c-Jun: Cellular Jun; CCR4: C-C motif chemokine receptor 4; CCL-17: C-C motif chemokine ligand 17.