Treatment strategies targeting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway against triple-negative breast cancer

Figure 1 Representation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mechanistic target of rapamycin sequential signaling pathway in breast cancer. RTKs: Receptor tyrosine kinases; PI3K: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PIP: Piperine; PTEN: Phosphatase and tensin homolog; ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinase; AKT: Protein kinase B; mTOR: Mechanistic target of rapamycin; PDK1: 3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase-1; GSK-3: Glycogen synthase kinase 3; PRAS40: 40-kDa proline-rich protein kinase B substrate; FOXO1: Forkhead box O1; BAD: Bcl-2 agonist of cell death; MDM2: Murine double minute 2.