Endoscopic submucosal dissection and hybrid endoscopic submucosal dissection for stage 1 rectal neuroendocrine tumors

Table 4 Factors associated with non-R0 resection for stage 1 rectal neuroendocrine tumors, n (%)

Characteristic	Non-R0 resection (n = 11)	R0 resection (n = 73)	t/χ2 value	P value
Age (year), mean ± SD	40.09 ± 9.71	45.38 ± 13.88	1.210	0.229
Lesion size, mm	8.00 (5.00)	8.00 (4.00)	0.186	0.666
Procedure time, minute	49.00 (18.00)	42.00 (16.00)	0.721	0.399
Male	7 (63.63)	38 (55.88)	0.232	0.749
Location
Anus ≤ 5 cm	4 (36.36)	28 (38.36)	0.016	1.000
Anus > 5 cm	7 (63.63)	45 (61.64)
Operator
Specialist	6 (54.55)	64 (87.67)	7.553	0.016
Beginner	5 (45.45)	9 (12.33)
Resection method
ESD	8 (72.73)	53 (72.60)	0.000	1.000
Hybrid ESD	3 (27.27)	20 (27.29)
Grade
G1	11 (100.00)	64 (87.67)	1.519	0.598
G2	0 (0.00)	9 (12.33)
Invasion depth
Mucosal	0 (0.00)	6 (8.22)	0.974	1.000
Submucosal	11 (100.00)	67 (91.78)

ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection.