Endoscopic submucosal dissection and hybrid endoscopic submucosal dissection for stage 1 rectal neuroendocrine tumors

Table 2 Outcomes between endoscopic submucosal dissection and hybrid endoscopic submucosal dissection groups according to lesion size, n (%)

Characteristic	1A (< 10 mm, n = 56)				1B (10-20 mm, n = 28)
	ESD (n = 41)	Hybrid ESD (n = 15)	t/χ2 value	P value	ESD (n = 20)	Hybrid ESD (n = 8)	t/χ2 value	P value
Procedure time, minute	44.00 (16.00)	30.00 (13.00)	14.905	< 0.001	50.50 (10.00)	33.00 (20.00)	11.471	< 0.001
Follow-up time, month	22.00 (24.00)	30.00 (27.00)	1.426	0.232	26.50 (31.50)	48.00 (22.00)	4.905	0.027
Perforation	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	/	/	1 (5.00)	0 (0.00)	0.415	1.000
Delayed hemorrhage	1 (2.43)	0 (0.00)	0.373	1.000	0 (0.00)	1 (12.50)	2.593	0.286
En bloc resection	41 (100.00)	15 (100.00)	/	/	20 (100.00)	8 (100.00)	/	/
R0 resection	37 (90.24)	13 (86.67)	0.147	0.654	16 (80.00)	7 (87.50)	0.219	1.000
Recurrence	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	/	/	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	/	/

ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection.