Endoscopic submucosal dissection and hybrid endoscopic submucosal dissection for stage 1 rectal neuroendocrine tumors

Table 1 The characteristics of 84 lesions with rectal neuroendocrine tumors, n (%)

Characteristic	ESD (n = 61)	Hybrid ESD (n = 23)	t/χ2 value	P value
Lesion size, mm	8 (5)	8 (4)	0.842	0.359
Age (year), mean ± SD	45.38 ± 13.15	42.61 ± 14.38	0.800	0.424
Procedure time, minute	46.00 (14.00)	32.00 (15.00)	25.093	< 0.001
Follow-up time, month	24.00 (23.00)	34.00 (32.00)	5.010	0.024
Male	33 (56.89)	12 (57.14)	0.000	0.984
Location
Anus ≤ 5 cm	24 (39.34)	8 (34.78)	0.147	0.701
Anus > 5 cm	37 (60.66)	15 (65.21)
Operator
Specialist	53 (86.89)	17 (73.91)	2.024	0.192
Beginner	8 (13.11)	6 (26.09)
Perforation	1 (1.64)	0 (0.00)	0.382	1.000
Delayed hemorrhage	1 (1.64)	1 (4.35)	0.527	0.475
Histologic grade
G1	55 (90.16)	20 (86.96)	0.672	0.700
G2	6 (9.84)	3 (13.04)
Invasion depth
Mucosa	5 (8.20)	1 (4.35)	0.541	1.000
Submucosa	56 (91.80)	22 (95.65)
En-bloc resection	61 (100.00)	23 (100.00)
R0 resection	53 (86.89)	20 (86.96)	0.000	1.000
Vascular invasion	0 (0.00)	1 (4.35)	2.684	0.274
Recurrence	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)

ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection.