Role of the gut microbiome in the development and prognosis of pediatric leukemia

Figure 2 Lactose-driven enterococcus expansion in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients[19]. Dietary lactose that is unabsorbed due to conditioning-induced lactase loss accumulates in the gut lumen and serves as a substrate for Enterococcus species, leading to intestinal domination, enhanced mucosal barrier disruption, and an increased risk of acute graft-versus-host disease and bloodstream infections. Lactose avoidance or enzymatic supplementation restores community balance and reduces transplant-related complications. APC: Antigen presenting cell; CHT: Chemotherapy. Citation: Muratore E, Leardini D, Baccelli F, Venturelli F, Prete A, Masetti R. Nutritional modulation of the gut microbiome in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients. Front Nutr 2022; 9: 993668. Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022. Published by Frontiers Media S.A (Supplementary material).