Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy: Revolutionizing cancer treatment

Table 3 Summary of approved chimeric antigen receptor T therapy: Manufacturers, targets, indications, and approvals[76,77]

Product name (generic name)	Manufacturer	Target antigen	ISD	CSD	Vector	Indications	Pivotal clinical trials	Regulatory approval
Kymriah (Tisagenlecleucel)	Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation	CD-19	CD3ζ	4-1BB	Lentiviral	B-ALL, LBCL, HGBCL, FL	NCT01626495, ENSIGN (NCT02228096), ELIANA (NCT02435849)	FDA: August 30, 2017; EMA: August 23, 2018
Yescarta (Axicabtagene ciloleucel)	Kite Pharma, Inc.	CD-19	CD3ζ	CD28	γ-retroviral	PMBCL, LBCL, HGBCL, FL	ZUMA-1 (NCT02348216), ZUMA-5 (NCT03105336), ZUMA-7 (NCT03391466), ZUMA-23 (NCT05371093)	FDA: October 18, 2017; EMA: August 23, 2018
Tecartus (Brexucabtagene autoleucel)	Kite Pharma, Inc.	CD-19	CD3ζ	CD28	γ-retroviral	MCL, B-ALL (FDA only)	ZUMA-2 (NCT02601313), ZUMA-3 (NCT02614066)	FDA: Jul 24, 2020; EMA: December 14, 2020
Breyanzi (Lisocabtagene maraleucel)	Juno Therapeutics, Inc.	CD-19	CD3ζ	4-1BB	Lentiviral	FL3B, LBCL, HGBCL, PMBCL	TRANSCEND NHL 001 (NCT02631044), TRANSCEND CLL 004 (NCT03331198), TRANSCEND FL (NCT04245839)	FDA: February 5, 2021; EMA: April 4, 2022
Abecma (Idecabtagene vicleucel)	Celgene Corporation	BCMA	CD3ζ	4-1BB	Lentiviral	MM	KarMMA (NCT03361748), KarMMA-2 (NCT03601078), KarMMA-3 (NCT03651128)	FDA: March 26, 2021; EMA: August 18, 2021
Carvykti (Ciltacabtagene autoleucel)	Johnson & Johnson Innovative Medicine	BCMA	CD3ζ	4-1BB	Lentiviral	MM	CARTITUDE-1 (NCT03548207), CARTITUDE-2 (NCT04133636), CARTITUDE-4 (NCT04181827)	FDA: February 28, 2022; EMA: May 25, 2022
Aucatzyl (Obecabtagene autoleucel)	Autolus Inc.	CD19	CD3ζ	4-1BB	Lentiviral	B-ALL	FELIX (NCT04404660)	FDA: November 8, 2024

B-ALL: Acute B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia; LBCL: Large B-cell lymphoma; BCL: B-cell lymphoma; HGBCL: High-grade B-cell lymphoma; FL: Follicular lymphoma; PMBCL: Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma; MCL: Mantle cell lymphoma; FL3B: Follicular lymphoma grade-3B; MM: Multiple myeloma; CD: Cluster of differentiation; FDA: United States Food and Drug Administration; EMA: European Medicines Agency; ISD: Intracellular signaling domain; CSD: Costimulatory domains; BCMA: B-cell maturation antigen.