Neoadjuvant immunotherapy in resectable hepatocellular carcinoma: A meta-analysis of the current evidence

Table 5 Grade 3-4 treatment-related adverse events reported in included studies

Ref.	Neoadjuvant immunotherapy	Cycles of NI	Most common grade 3-4 TRAEs reported
Bai et al[20], 2022	Camrelizumab + apatinib (n = 13)	4	Liver disfunction; thrombocytopenia; and hand-foot syndrome
Chen et al[21], 2022	Tislelizumab	2	No severe events
Cheung et al[30], 2024	Nivolumab	3	No severe events
D'Alessio et al[22], 2022	Nivolumab + ipilimumab	2	ALT/AST elevation
Kaseb et al[23], 2022	Nivolumab (n = 13) or nivolumab + ipilimumab (n = 14)	3	ALT/AST elevation
Marron et al[27], 2022	Cemiplimab	2	ALT/AST elevation; increased blood creatine phosphokinase; and hypoalbuminaemia
Ming et al[31], 2024	Tislelizumab + lenvatinib	2	No severe events
Shi et al[24], 2021	Toripalib (n = 10) or toripalib + lenvatinib (n = 8)	1	Not specified
Song et al[25], 2023	Tislelizumab + lenvatinib	4	No severe events
Sun et al[26], 2022	Sintilimab + bevacizumab	N/A	Not specified
Wang et al[28], 2022	Apatinib + camrelizumab	N/A	Biliary fistula
Xia et al[29], 2022	Camrelizumab +apatinib	3	Rash; hypertension; liver damage; and neutropenia

This table summarizes the most reported grade 3-4 treatment-related adverse events across studies evaluating neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitor regimens in patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma. TRAE: Treatment-related adverse event; NI: Neoadjuvant immunotherapy; ICI: Immune checkpoint inhibitor; ALT/AST: Alanine/aspartate aminotransferase; N/A: Not available.