Potential of mRNA vaccines to become versatile cancer vaccines

doi:10.5306/wjco.v13.i8.663

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Aug 24, 2022 (publication date) through Apr 24, 2024

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology

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World J Clin Oncol. Aug 24, 2022; 13(8): 663-674
Published online Aug 24, 2022. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v13.i8.663

Table 1 Selected national registered clinical trials on combination mRNA oncology vaccines^a

mRNA vaccine	I.S.	Combo agent	Ph	Cancer	Oncol status	Yr	Country	Trial status	NCT number
mRNA-2752	i.t.	+ durva	1	Solid ca, lymph	R/R	2018	United States	Recruiging	03739931
BI 1361849	i.d.	+ durva +/- treme	1/2	NSCLC	Adv	2017	United States	Completed	03164772
mRNA-4157	i.m.	+/- pembro	1	Solid ca	Resected	2017	United States	Recruiting	3313778
mRNA-5671/V941	i.m.	+/- pembro	1	NSCLC/ CRC/ pancCA	Adv	2019	United States	Not yet recruit-ing	03948763
TriMix^b	i.t.	Neoadj ChT +/- TriMix^b	1	Breast	Early	2018	Belgium	Recruiting	03788083
W_ova1	i.v.	+ neoad + adj ChT	1	Ovarian ca	Early	2019	Nether- lands	Recruiting	04163094
W_pro1	i.v.	+/- cemip	1/2	mCRPC	Adv	2020	United States	Recruiting	04382898
Trivalent DCs^c	i.d.	TMZ/RT +/- DCs	2/3	GBM	Post-op	2018	Norway	Recruiting	03548571
PSCT19^d	i.v.	allo-SCT +/- PSCT19^d	1/2	Hemat	Post- allo-SCT	2015	Nether- lands	Completed	02528682
WT1 DC	i.d.	adj TMZ +/- WT1 DC	1/2	GBM	Post-op	2016	Belgium	Recruiting	02649582
pp65 DC^e	i.d.	adj TMZ +/- pp65 DC^e	2	GBM	Post-op	2015	United States	Recruiting	02465268
pp65 DC^f	i.d.	+/- varli	2	GBM	Post-op	2018	United States	Recruiting	03688178
RO7198457	i.v.	+/- pembro	2	Melanoma	Adv	2019	United States	Not yet recruit-ing	03815058
RO7198457	i.v.	+/- atezo	1	Solid tumors	Adv	2017	United States	Not yet recruit-ing	03289962

^aFor combinations with therapeutic mRNA vaccines, in principle, the best candidates are those without immune suppressive properties, e.g., while maximum tolerated dose chemotherapy (ChT) may suppress immunity induced by mRNA vaccines, ironically, mChT could have the opposite effect of priming resistant tumors to be more responsive ones[8,63].

^bCD40L, CD70, and constitutively active toll-like receptor 4.

^cDendritic cells (DCs) transfected with mRNA of neoantigens (survivin, hTERT) and autologous tumor stem cells.

^dPSCT19: MiHA-loaded PD-L-silenced DC Vaccination.

^epp65-shLAMP mRNA (autologous) DCs with GM-CSF.

^fHuman CMV pp65-LAMP mRNA-pulsed autologous DCs. Adj: Adjuvant; Adv: Advanced; Allo-SCT: Allogeneic stem cell transplantation; Atezo: Atezolizumab; Ca: Cancer; Cemip: Cemiplimab; ChT: Chemotherapy; CRC: Colo-rectal cancer; Durva: Durvalumab; GBM: Glioblastoma multiforme; Hemat: Hematological malignancies; i.d.: Intradermal; I.S.: Injection site; i.t.: Intratumoral; Lympho: Lymphoma; mCRPC: Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer; MTD: Maximum tolerated dose; Neoadj: Neoadjuvant; NSCLC: Non-small-cell lung cancer; Oncol: Oncology; PancCA: Pancreatic cancer; Pembro: Pembrolizumab; Ph: Phase; Post-op: Post-operative; R/R: Relapsed/residual; RT: Radiotherapy; SCT: Stem cell transplant; TMZ: Temozolomide; Treme: Tremelimumab; Varli: Varlilumab.

Citation: Tsao SY. Potential of mRNA vaccines to become versatile cancer vaccines . World J Clin Oncol 2022; 13(8): 663-674
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-4333/full/v13/i8/663.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5306/wjco.v13.i8.663