Intestinal Wnt in the transition from physiology to oncology

Figure 1 Wnt signaling pathway. Activated Wnt signaling pathway: Wnt ligand binds to the transmembrane complex and activates Disheveled, which turns down the destruction complex. β-catenin accumulates in the cytoplasm and translocates in the nucleus, where it acts with several cofactors as a transcription factor. Inactivated Wnt signaling pathway: β-catenin is phosphorylated by the destruction complex and gets degraded. Dkk1: Dickkopf 1; GSK-3: Glycogen synthase kinase-3; APC: Adenomatous polyposis coli; PP2A: Protein phosphatase 2A; TCF/LEF: T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor; BCL9: B-cell lymphoma 9.