Systemic adverse effects and toxicities associated with immunotherapy: A review

Table 2 Overview of some of the common immunotherapeutic agents and their proposed mechanisms

Agent	Mechanism of action
Ipilimumab	CTLA-4 inhibitor
Nivolumab	PD-1 inhibitor
Pembrolizumab	PD-1 inhibitor
Atezolizumab	PD-L1 inhibitor
Avelumab	PD-L1 inhibitor
Durvalumab	PD-L1 inhibitor
Talimogene Iaherparepvec	Cancer vaccine (directly destroys cancer cells, upregulates production of GM-CSF)
Necitumumab	EGFR inhibitor
Bevacizumab	VEGF inhibitor
Elotuzumab (anti-SLAMF7 monoclonal antibody)	Anti-SLAMF7 monoclonal antibody
Daratumumab (anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody)	Anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody
Lenalidomide	Immunomodulatory agent
Obinutuzumab	CD20 inhibitor
Ofatumumab	CD20 inhibitor
Blinatumomab	Bispecific T-cell engager
Trastuzumab	HER2/neu inhibitor
Dinutuximab	GD2-binding monoclonal antibody

CTLA-4: Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4; PD-1: Programmed cell death protein 1; PD-L1: Programmed death-ligand 1.