Clinicohistopathological implications of phosphoserine 9 glycogen synthase kinase-3β/ β-catenin in urinary bladder cancer patients

Table 3 Association of aberrantly co-expressed pS9GSK-3β and β-Catenin proteins with clinicohistopathological factors in patients with urothelial carcinoma of bladder

Characteristics	pS9GSK-3β + β-Catenin (low membranous, no expression or N/C expression)(n = 28/90)
Age 60 (38-78)	P = 1.0
< 60	11/28
≥ 60	17/28
Stage	P = 0.01a
Non muscle invasive	9/28
Muscle invasive	19/28
Grade	P = 0.09
Low grade	6/28
High grade	22/28
Type	P = 0.02a
Primary	11/28
Recurrent	17/28
Smoking/tobacco chewing	P = 0.04a
Yes	17/28
No	9/28
Unknown	0/28
Hematuria	P = 1.0
Present	23/28
Unknown	5/28
Metastasis	P = 0.9
Present	1/28
Absent	27/28

Non parametric Mann Whitney U test was used to determine the P-values.

^aP values ≤ 0.05 are considered as significant. N/C expression: Nuclear/cytoplasmic expression.